The classification of aspartame as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has sparked a debate over the safety of this popular artificial sweetener. Aspartame is commonly found in diet sodas and other sugar-free products, and its classification by the IARC has raised concerns among consumers.
The IARC’s classification is based on “limited evidence” and suggests a potential link between aspartame and cancer. However, the IARC’s food safety group maintains that the evidence is not strong enough to cause immediate concern. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also disagrees with the IARC’s classification and asserts that aspartame is safe when used within approved conditions. The FDA considers aspartame to be one of the most studied food additives.
Dr Francesco Branca, the director of the WHO’s Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, emphasizes the need for moderation rather than complete avoidance of aspartame. He suggests that moderate consumption of aspartame is acceptable.
Aspartame, sold under various brand names like Equal, Nutrasweet, and Sugar Twin, is widely used as a sugar substitute in many products. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1974 but faced controversy due to concerns raised by animal studies. However, in 1981, the FDA re-approved its use, stating that human consumption levels were well below any toxic thresholds.
The debate surrounding aspartame’s safety stems from a combination of animal studies and observational studies in humans. A study conducted by Italian researchers in 2010 suggested a link between aspartame and liver and lung cancer in male mice. Additionally, a Danish study found an association between artificially sweetened drinks and premature births in pregnant women. However, these studies have faced criticism for using higher amounts of aspartame than humans typically consume, and observational studies cannot establish direct causation.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies substances into different groups based on their potential to cause cancer. Aspartame falls into Group 2b, which designates substances as “possible carcinogens.” It is important to note that exposure to a possible carcinogen does not guarantee the development of cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks associated with aspartame and its impact on human health.